The problem with our governmental tax system in the United States is that it has slowly been morphed into a coercive charity organization.
Below is a chart of the 2007 federal budget courtesy of the CBO:
If you look closely, "health" and "income security" (not to be confused with social security) now make up 25% of our budget and grow year after year.
Those programs are essentially government charity programs in which we take from one person to give to another.
Here's where the problem comes in: We have a progressive tax system. In a society where 10% pay most of the taxes, it creates an incentive for politicians to pander to the remaining 90% for more free goodies.
If you are robbing Peter to pay Paul you can always count on the support of Paul.
What I would propose would be a system in which we maintain the progressive tax structure for governmental services (defense, education, roads, EPA, courts, federal police, etc.) but have a per taxpayer tax to cover the rest.
That is, if people really support having the government provide health care insurance for other people's children, then they shouldn't mind paying correspondingly more in taxes to pay for it.
In our present system, people can show their "compassion" for supporting programs like universal health care because, deep down, they know that only 10% (i.e. not them) will be paying for nearly all the bill.
In this system, people would finally start to see some consequences for the programs they support so earnestly.