"When I left office, there was a substantial amount of biological and
chemical material unaccounted for. That is, at the end of the first Gulf
War, we knew what he had. We knew what was destroyed in all the inspection
processes and that was a lot. And then we bombed with the British for four
days in 1998. We might have gotten it all; we might have gotten half of it;
we might have gotten none of it. But we didn't know. So I thought it was
prudent for the president to go to the U.N. and for the U.N. to say you got
to let these inspectors in, and this time if you don't cooperate the penalty
could be regime change, not just continued sanctions."
Iraq repeatedly made false declarations about the weapons that it had
left in its possession after the Gulf War. When UNSCOM would then uncover
evidence that gave the lie to those declarations, Iraq would simply amend
the reports. For example, Iraq revised its nuclear declarations four times
within just 14 months, and it has submitted six different biological warfare
declarations, each of which has been rejected by UNSCOM.
In 1995 Hussein Kamal, Saddam's son-in-law and the chief organizer of
Iraq's weapons of mass destruction program, defected to Jordan. He revealed
that Iraq was continuing to conceal weapons and missiles and the capacity to
build many more. Then and only then did Iraq admit to developing numbers of
weapons in significant quantities--and weapons stocks. Previously it had
vehemently denied the very thing it just simply admitted once Saddam's
son-in-law defected to Jordan and told the truth.
Now listen to this: What did it admit? It admitted, among other things,
an offensive biological warfare capability, notably, 5,000 gallons of
botulinum, which causes botulism; 2,000 gallons of anthrax; 25
biological-filled Scud warheads; and 157 aerial bombs. And I might say
UNSCOM inspectors believe that Iraq has actually greatly understated its
production. . . .
Next, throughout this entire process, Iraqi agents have undermined and
undercut UNSCOM. They've harassed the inspectors, lied to them, disabled
monitoring cameras, literally spirited evidence out of the back doors of
suspect facilities as inspectors walked through the front door, and our
people were there observing it and had the pictures to prove it. . . .
Over the past few months, as [the weapons inspectors] have come closer
and closer to rooting out Iraq's remaining nuclear capacity, Saddam has
undertaken yet another gambit to thwart their ambitions by imposing
debilitating conditions on the inspectors and declaring key sites which have
still not been inspected off limits, including, I might add, one palace in
Baghdad more than 2,600 acres large. . . .
One of these presidential sites is about the size of Washington, D.C. . .
.
It is obvious that there is an attempt here, based on the whole history
of this operation since 1991, to protect whatever remains of his capacity to
produce weapons of mass destruction, the missiles to deliver them, and the
feed stocks necessary to produce them. The UNSCOM inspectors believe that
Iraq still has stockpiles of chemical and biological munitions, a small
force of Scud-type missiles, and the capacity to restart quickly its
production program and build many, many more weapons. . . .
Now, let's imagine the future. What if he fails to comply and we fail to
act, or we take some ambiguous third route, which gives him yet more
opportunities to develop this program of weapons of mass destruction and
continue to press for the release of the sanctions and continue to ignore
the solemn commitments that he made? Well, he will conclude that the
international community has lost its will. He will then conclude that he can
go right on and do more to rebuild an arsenal of devastating destruction.
And some day, some way, I guarantee you he'll use the arsenal. . . . In
the next century, the community of nations may see more and more of the very
kind of threat Iraq poses now--a rogue state with weapons of mass
destruction, ready to use them or provide them to terrorists, drug
traffickers, or organized criminals who travel the world among us unnoticed.
If we fail to respond today, Saddam, and all those who would follow in
his footsteps, will be emboldened tomorrow by the knowledge that they can
act with impunity, even in the face of a clear message from the United
Nations Security Council, and clear evidence of a weapons of mass
destruction program.
-Bill Clinton